Last updated: March 2026
DMAA (1,3-dimethylamylamine) is a potent synthetic sympathomimetic amine that became notorious as the key ingredient in Jack3d pre-workout. The FDA banned it from dietary supplements in 2013 following reports of hemorrhagic strokes, heart attacks, and fatalities. This is a research-only reference.
DMAA is a structural analog of amphetamine — a trace amine that interacts with the sympathetic nervous system. Its effects are mediated through catecholamine release and reuptake inhibition.
DMAA is a sympathomimetic amine that triggers norepinephrine (and to a lesser extent dopamine) release from presynaptic nerve terminals. This is mechanistically similar to amphetamine's indirect agonism — it enters the neuron via monoamine transporters and displaces stored catecholamines. The resulting norepinephrine surge drives the stimulant, cardiovascular, and focus effects.
As a potent vasoconstrictor and positive inotrope, DMAA significantly elevates blood pressure (both systolic and diastolic) and heart rate. In research subjects, doses of 25mg DMAA produced blood pressure increases comparable to ephedrine. Combined with exercise (which already raises cardiovascular demand), this creates significant cardiac stress — the likely mechanism behind reported events.
Elevated norepinephrine increases arousal, alertness, and motivation via adrenergic signaling in the prefrontal cortex. Users report intense focus, energy, and motivation lasting 3–5 hours. DMAA crosses the blood-brain barrier more readily than many sympathomimetics, contributing to its strong central effects relative to dose. This CNS profile made it popular in pre-workout stacks.
Supplement manufacturers claimed DMAA was a natural extract from geranium oil (Pelargonium graveolens). The FDA investigated and found no credible evidence that geranium contains DMAA. Multiple analyses of geranium oil failed to detect DMAA. The FDA concluded DMAA is a synthetic compound and thus not a lawful dietary ingredient under DSHEA, supporting full enforcement action.
Available research on DMAA pharmacodynamics and the adverse event profile that led to the FDA ban.
Cardiovascular monitoring tools relevant to stimulant research.
Dosing schedules, interaction warnings, and cycle protocols for 50+ compounds — all in one place.
This page is for research and historical information purposes only. DMAA (1,3-dimethylamylamine) is NOT a lawful dietary supplement ingredient in the United States per FDA enforcement action. It is not approved as a drug by any regulatory agency. MeetPeptide does not endorse, recommend, or encourage the use of DMAA. The FDA has linked DMAA to serious adverse events including hemorrhagic stroke and cardiac arrest. This content is provided solely to document the historical and pharmacological record of this compound.